On Wed, 9 Oct 2013, Ben Brockert wrote: > > Since the astronauts are the pilots of rockets... > > They sure liked to think so, but the rocket was the pilot of the > rocket. They were the pilot of the reentry and orbital maneuvering > stage, and often unnecessarily so. Starting with (I think) Apollo 10, the Saturn V Apollo flights actually had a manual piloting option for the rocket, as an emergency backup. They tried it in simulation, discovered that it worked surprisingly well, and decided it was worth having. It was never used -- even on Apollo 12, where the spacecraft computer got its brains scrambled when the whole stack was hit by lightning, the Saturn's computer kept going. Henry Spencer henry@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (hspencer@xxxxxxxxxxxxx) (regexpguy@xxxxxxxxx)