"I rarely speak, but when I do... it's generally useless" I have to wade in on the 'Definition of Space' question: The FCC defined a 'Space Station', in this case radio station, as being anything above 50km. This probably has the backing of the ITU, which is also the group that give the equatorial countries the right to license the Geostationary slots by claiming them all. It could be argued that this definition might be the most internationally recognized definition. Personally I'm not sure I care, but it does raise the question if these launches were breaking the law and therefor rogue, not amateur. -Gar. PS. Monroe, I worked on a ducted rocket for a couple of years and was not impressed. To make it work right, you need variable geometry, and then it still is heavy.